The Phylogenetic Tree Of The ‘Nod D’ Host-Specific Factor Is Incongruent With The Rhizobial Species Tree And Shows a Possible Hgt Event Between Highly Unrelated Rhizobial Bacteria

AUTHOR(S)

Vanitha T, Pratiksha B, Hemalata M S, Sahana B R, Poornima M, Manohar G M

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46647/ijetms.2023.v07i03.129

ABSTRACT
Rhizobium is a symbiotic biological nitrogen-fixing (BNF) bacteria. and has high diversity in different geographical regions worldwide. The BNF associated with the legume trees in tropical environments improves the efficiency of nitrogen and increases the soil organic matter, and soil fertility. Rhizobium consists of Mesorhizobium, Sinorhizobium, and Bradyrhizobium, the species belonging to each genera infecting a specific host. This host specificity is dictated by several factors among which Nod D was secreted by the bacterium and plays an important role. We investigated how Nod D gene sequences may have evolved to confer host specificity. We constructed phylogenetic trees of 16srRNA and Nod D trees and compared the trees with a manually built host tree. We find that the Nod D tree is incongruent with the 16srRNA tree and the topology does not show any specific pattern correlative of the host tree. We also uncover a possible HGT of the Nod D gene between highly unrelated bacterial species. This finding may have implications for the development of Rhizobium strains specific to a particular host for Agricultural purposes.
Page No: 840 - 848

References:

Fauvart, M., & Michiels, J. (2008). Rhizobial secreted proteins as determinants of host specificity in the rhizobium–legume symbiosis. FEMS microbiology letters, 285(1), 1-9.

Fernandes, C., & Ravi, L. (2023). Screening of symbiotic ability of Rhizobium under hydroponic conditions. Microbial Symbionts, 327.

Calla B. (2022). Friend or foe: How plants discriminate between pathogenic and mutualistic bacteria. Plant Physiology, 189(4), 1893–1895.

Newman, M. A., Sundelin, T., Nielsen, J. T., & Erbs, G. (2013). MAMP (microbe-associated molecular pattern) triggered immunity in plants. Frontiers in plant science, 4, 139.

Via, V. D., Zanetti, M. E., & Blanco, F. (2016). How legumes recognize rhizobia. Plant signaling & behavior, 11(2), e1120396.

Kumar, S., & Pandey, A. K. (2013). Chemistry and biological activities of flavonoids: an overview. TheScientificWorldJournal, 2013, 162750.

Roche, P., Maillet, F., Plazanet, C., Debellé, F., Ferro, M., Truchet, G., ... & Dénarié, J. (1996). The common nodABC genes of Rhizobium meliloti are host-range determinants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 93(26), 15305-15310.

Dénarié, J., Debellé, F., & Promé, J. C. (1996). Rhizobium lipo-chitooligosaccharide nodulation factors: signaling molecules mediating recognition and morphogenesis. Annual review of biochemistry, 65(1), 503-535.

Saad, M. M., Kobayashi, H., Marie, C., Brown, I. R., Mansfield, J. W., Broughton, W. J., & Deakin, W. J. (2005). NopB, a type III secreted protein of Rhizobium sp. strain NGR234, is associated with pilus-like surface appendages. Journal of Bacteriology, 187(3), 1173-1181.

Delgado, M. J., Casella, S., & Bedmar, E. J. (2007). Denitrification in rhizobia-legume symbiosis. In Biology of the nitrogen cycle (pp. 83-91). Elsevier.

Slonczewski, J. L., & Foster, J. W. (2013). Microbiology: An evolving science: Third international student edition. WW Norton & Company.

Liu, C. W., & Murray, J. D. (2016). The role of flavonoids in nodulation host-range specificity: an update. Plants, 5(3), 33.

Eckardt, N. A. (2006). The role of flavonoids in root nodule development and auxin transport in Medicago truncatula.

Garg, N., & Geetanjali. (2009). Symbiotic nitrogen fixation in legume nodules: process and signaling: a review. Sustainable agriculture, 519-531.

Limpens, E., van Zeijl, A., & Geurts, R. (2015). Lipochitooligosaccharides modulate plant host immunity to enable endosymbioses. Annual review of phytopathology, 53, 311-334.

How to Cite This Article:
Vanitha T, Pratiksha B, Hemalata M S, Sahana B R, Poornima M, Manohar G M .The Phylogenetic Tree Of The ‘Nod D’ Host-Specific Factor Is Incongruent With The Rhizobial Species Tree And Shows a Possible Hgt Event Between Highly Unrelated Rhizobial Bacteria . ijetms;7(3):840-848. DOI: 10.46647/ijetms.2023.v07i03.129