International Journal of Engineering Technology and Management Sciences

2023, Volume 7 Issue 4

Data Analysis of Polyethylene Base RAM for Small Vehicle’s low Signature’s Applications

AUTHOR(S)

Kailas K. Sawant, Bhavana Shanmughan, K. Balasubramanian, A.A. Bazil Raj

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46647/ijetms.2023.v07i04.017

ABSTRACT
The signature of radar target is an important aspect in military war. The demands for low signature targets have been increased to achieve the ‘critical mission successes’ in defence. Worldwide scientists and engineers are incessant working on it. This paper presents the data analysis of radar absorbing material (RAM) suitable for attaining of low signature applications for small air vehicles such as sUAV, μUAV, drones, hexcopter, spy birds etc. In this paper, the polyethylene (PE) and their composites characteristics and data analysis are presented, for applications in small air vehicles to attain the lower value of their target signatures. This is achieved in terms of EM measurement parameters of RAM material such as reflection loss, transmission loss, absorption loss, shielding effectiveness (SE), radar cross section (RCS) etc. The obtained values of reflection loss are – 29.49 dB, - 36.91 dB and – 23.94 dB; then, the transmission loss are – 133.18 dB, - 128.70 dB and – 0.19 dB for PE, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and PET + conductive paint (PETCP) respectively for materials by waveguide measurement (WGM) method. The SE range are – 0.009 dB to – 0.19 dB, - 0.005 dB to - 0.29 dB, and - 0.022 dB to – 1.91 dB in WGM; then, - 9.44E-07 dB to – 1.13E-06 dB, - 9.57E-07 dB to – 1.01 E-06 dB and – 9. 31 E-07 dB to – 1.08E-06 dB in OATS experiments for PE, PET and PETCP respectively for the materials are obtained. The lowest value of RCS in OATS method are 1.63E-08 , 6.46E-08 and 5.63E-08 for PE, PET and PETCP respectively for material are obtained. The contact angle & material thickness (t) are 78.50 & 0.08 mm; 66.18 & 0.09 mm and 93.45 & 0.12 mm for PE, PET and PETCP respectively, are proposed in this paper. There is good agreement between the material controlling parameters design and the tabular analysis presented in this paper. This materials are used as RAM in small aircrafts, sUAV, μUAV, drones, hexcopter, spy birds, ships etc, to attain their low signature value, low RCS, stealth and shielding applications in X – band of 8 to 12 GHz frequency range.

Page No: 90 - 109

References:

  1. Dr. Andrew Chen, ‘A Comprehensive Handbook for Electronic Warfare and Radar Systems Engineering Handbook’, NAWCWD TP 8347, Fourth Edition, 2013, pages: 1 to 455.
  2. G.G. Peixoto, ‘A.L. de Paula, L.A. Andrade, C.M.A. Lopes, ‘Radar absorbing material (RAM) and shaping on radar cross section reduction of dihedral corners’, IEEE Xplore, International Conference on Microwave and Optoelectronics, 2005 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S, August 2005, DOI:10.1109/ IMOC. 2005. 1580044. S. Geetha, K. K. Satheesh Kumar, Chepuri R. K. Rao, M. Vijayan, D. C. Trivedi, ‘EMI Shielding: Methods and Materials—A Review’, Journal ofAppliedPolymer Science,Vol. 112, (2009) VC 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Published online 13 February 2009 in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com), pages: 2073 – 2086.
  3. Davide Micheli, Roberto Pastore, Antonio Vricella, Ramon Bueno Morles, Mario Marchetti, ‘synthesys of radar absorbing materials for stealth aircraft by using nanomaterials and evolutionary computation’, 29th congress of the international council of the aeronautical sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia, September 7 – 12, 2014, pages: 1 to 11.
  4. 4. R. B. Jagadeesh Chandra, B. Shivamurthy, S. B. Bore Gowda and M. Sathish Kumar, ‘ Flexible Linear Low-density Polyethylene Laminated Aluminum and Nickel Foil Composite Tapes for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding’, Engineered Science, Eng. Sci., 2022, 21, 777;  DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.30919/es8d777; pages: 1 to 8.
  5. N. V. Venkatarayalu, W. W. Lee, D. Tan, and C. B. Soh, ‘Effect of Resistivity of ITO Thin Film When Used in Transparent Checkerboard Surfaces for RCS Reduction’, 2017 Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium — Fall (Piers — Fall), Singapore, 19–22 November, pages 473 – 476.
  6. Rosério Valente, Chris De Ruijter, Daniel Vlasveld, Sybrand Van Der Zwaag, And Pim Groen, ‘Setup for EMI Shielding Effectiveness Tests of Electrically Conductive Polymer Composites at Frequencies up to 3.0 GHz’, IEEE ACCESS, published August 23, 2017, date of current version September 6, 2017, Volume 5, 2017, Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/Access.2017.2741527, pages: 16665 to 16675.
  7. Sathyamurthy Anuradha, Jyothi Balakrishnan, ‘Resonance Based Discrimination of Stealth Targets Coated with Radar Absorbing Material (RAM)’, Progress in Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 99, 2021, pages: pages: 69 – 79.
  8. Priyambada Sahoo, Lokesh Saini, Ambesh Dixit, ‘Microwave-absorbing materials for stealth application:a holistic overview’, Oxford Open Materials Science, 2023, 3(1), itac012, Advance Access Publication Date: 2 December 2022; Oxford Open Materials Science, 2023, Vol. 3, No. 1; https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfmat/itac012, pages: 1 to 42.
  9. Weihua Gu, Jiaqi Sheng, Qianqian Huang, Gehuan Wang, Jiabin Chen, Guangbin Ji, ‘Environmentally Friendly and Multifunctional Shaddock Peel ‑ Based Carbon Aerogel for Thermal ‑ Insulation and Microwave Absorption’, Springer; Nano-Micro Lett., (2021) 13:102; Published online: 5 April 2021; ISSN 2311-6706; e-ISSN 2150-5551; CN 31-2103/TB; https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-021-00635-1; pages: 1 to 14.
  10. Jan Kruzelak,  Andrea Kvasnicakova, Klaudia Hlozekova and Ivan Hudec, ‘Progress in polymers and polymer composites used as efficient materials for EMI shielding’, Nano Scale Advances, Royal Society of Chemistry, Nanoscale Adv., 2021, 3, 123; Accepted 7th November 2020; DOI: 10.1039/d0na00760a; pages: 123 to 172.
  11. P. R. Thote, A. R. Bansod, ‘Trends in the Technology of Radar Absorbing Materials’, RAMAN-2022,  2nd International Conference on Recent Advances in Material Science and Nanotechnology In Association with International Journal of Scientific, Research in Science and Technology Volume 9 | Issue 13 | Print ISSN: 2395-6011 | Online ISSN: 2395-602X (www.ijsrst.com); pages: 152 to 158.
  12. Haotian ZENG, Xunwang ZHAO, Qin SU, Yu ZHANG, Hao LI, ‘Fast coating analysis and modeling for RCS reduction of aircraft’, Chinese Journal of Aeronautics, Chinese Society of Aeronautics and Astronautics & Beihang University, Chinese Journal of Aeronautics, (2019), 32 (6): pages: 1481–1487.
  13. R. Devi Priya, R. Sivaraj, Ajith Abraham, T. Pravin, P. Sivasankar and N. Anitha. "MultiObjective Particle Swarm Optimization Based Preprocessing of Multi-Class Extremely Imbalanced Datasets". International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems Vol. 30, No. 05, pp. 735-755 (2022). Doi: 10.1142/S0218488522500209
  14. Pravin T, M. Subramanian, R. Ranjith, Clarifying the phenomenon of Ultrasonic Assisted Electric discharge machining, “Journal of the Indian Chemical Society”, Volume 99, Issue 10, 2022, 100705, ISSN 0019-4522, Doi: 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100705
  15. T. Pravin, C. Somu, R. Rajavel, M. Subramanian, P. Prince Reynold, Integrated Taguchi cum grey relational experimental analysis technique (GREAT) for optimization and material characterization of FSP surface composites on AA6061 aluminium alloys, Materials Today: Proceedings, Volume 33, Part 8, 2020, Pages 5156-5161, ISSN 2214-7853, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.863.
  16. V.S. Rajashekhar; T. Pravin; K. Thiruppathi , “Control of a snake robot with 3R joint mechanism”, International Journal of Mechanisms and Robotic Systems (IJMRS), Vol. 4, No. 3, 2018. Doi: 10.1504/IJMRS.2018.10017186
  17. M. S. N. K. Nijamudeen, G. Muthuarasu, G. Gokulkumar, A. Nagarjunan, and T. Pravin, “Investigation on mechanical properties of aluminium with copper and silicon carbide using powder metallurgy technique,” Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 277–280, 2017.
  18. T. Pravin, M. Sadhasivam, and S. Raghuraman, “Optimization of process parameters of Al10% Cu compacts through powder metallurgy,” Applied Mechanics and Materials, vol. 813-814, pp. 603–607, 2010.
  19. Rajashekhar, V., Pravin, T., Thiruppathi, K.: A review on droplet deposition manufacturing a rapid prototyping technique. Int. J. Manuf. Technol. Manage. 33(5), 362–383 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMTM.2019.103277
  20. Rajashekhar V S, Pravin T, Thirupathi K, Raghuraman S.Modeling and Simulation of Gravity based Zig-zag Material Handling System for Transferring Materials in Multi Floor Industries. Indian Journal of Science and Technology.2015 Sep, 8(22), pp.1-6.
  21. I. Nicolaescu, ‘Radar absorbing materials used for target camouflage’, Journal Of Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials, Vol. 8, No. 1, February 2006, pages: 333 – 338.
  22. Andrea Delfini, Marta Albano, Antonio Vricella, Fabio Santoni, Giulio Rubini, Roberto Pastore and Mario Marchetti, ‘Advanced Radar Absorbing Ceramic-Based Materials for Multifunctional Applications in Space Environment’, MDPI, MATERIALS, Published: 14 September 2018, www.mdpi.com/journal/materials; Materials 2018, 11, 1730; doi:10.3390/ma11091730, pages: 1 to 23.
  23. Tarek M. Sallam, Abdel Rahman M. Mohammad, ‘On the Radar Absorbing Material Reflectivity and Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Effectiveness’, TechRxiv, powered by IEEE, https://www.techrxiv.org, Submission Date  /  Posted Date: 13-09-2022 / 15-09-2022, Preprint. https://doi.org/ 10.36227/techrxiv. 21086998.v1; pages: 1 to 5.
  24. Pradeep Kumar Krishnan; Mallak Al Maqbali. "Investigating the Viscosity Reduction of Heavy Crude Oil Using Organic Materials to Improve Oil Production and Transportation". International Research Journal on Advanced Science Hub, 4, 01, 2022, 1-6. doi: 10.47392/irjash.2022.001
  25. Rajdeep Routh; Dhruma Bhavsar; Rajiv Patel. "Socio-Economic and Policy Impacts of Heritage Conservation: A Case of Deewanji ni Haveli, Ahmedabad". International Research Journal on Advanced Science Hub, 4, 01, 2022, 7-15. doi: 10.47392/irjash.2022.002
  26. Manoj Kumar Baral; Radhakrishna Das; Abhipsa Sahu. "DFIG based WT harmonics Analysis subjected to Diverse Transmission Fault". International Research Journal on Advanced Science Hub, 4, 01, 2022, 16-23. doi: 10.47392/irjash.2022.003
  27. Khaled Salem Ahmad Amayreh; Ahmad Taufik Hidayah Bin Abdullah. "Conjunction in Expository Essay Writing by Jordanian Undergraduate Students Studying English as a Foreign Language (EFL)". International Research Journal on Advanced Science Hub, 4, 02, 2022, 24-30. doi: 10.47392/irjash.2022.006
  28. Mohammadibrahim Korti; Basavaraj S. Malapur; Smita Gour; Rajesh M. Biradar. "Shuchi 1.0: Robotic System For Automatic Segregation of Waste & Floor Cleaning". International Research Journal on Advanced Science Hub, 4, 02, 2022, 31-37. doi: 10.47392/irjash.2022.007
  29. Bhuneshwari Nayak; Rachana Choudhary; Roymon M. G.. "Isolation, Screening and Morphological characterization of Laccase producing fungi". International Research Journal on Advanced Science Hub, 4, 02, 2022, 38-43. doi: 10.47392/irjash.2022.008
  30. Kotte Sowjanya; Munazzar Ajreen; Paka Sidharth; Kakara Sriharsha; Lade Aishwarya Rao. "Fuzzy thresholding technique for multiregion picture division". International Research Journal on Advanced Science Hub, 4, 03, 2022, 44-50. doi: 10.47392/irjash.2022.011
  31. Mohammadibrahim Korti; Girish B. Shettar; Ganga A Hadagali; Shashidhar Shettar; Shailesh Shettar. "Voice-based direction control of a robotic vehicle through User commands". International Research Journal on Advanced Science Hub, 4, 03, 2022, 51-56. doi: 10.47392/irjash.2022.012
  32. Nagendra Singh; Manoj Kumar Agrawal; Sanjeev Kumar Verma; Ashish Kumar Tiwari. "A Review on Effect of Stress and Strain Distribution on the AA5083 With Respect to Different Channel Angle of ECAP". International Research Journal on Advanced Science Hub, 4, 03, 2022, 57-66. doi: 10.47392/irjash.2022.013
  33. Nusrath Unnisa A; Manjula Yerva; Kurian M Z. "Review on Intrusion Detection System (IDS) for Network Security using Machine Learning Algorithms". International Research Journal on Advanced Science Hub, 4, 03, 2022, 67-74. doi: 10.47392/irjash.2022.014

    How to Cite This Article:
    Kailas K. Sawant, Bhavana Shanmughan, K. Balasubramanian, A.A. Bazil Raj . ijetms;7(4):90-109. DOI: 10.46647/ijetms.2023.v07i04.017

Copyright © 2017-18,IJETMSJOURNAL. All Rights reserved.